Digestion and diseases of Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Processing and sicknesses of - Term Paper Example Absorption is an intricate procedure including mechanical and compound procedures. Distinctive complex particles in our food are dealt with diversely by our stomach related framework, contingent on its arrangement, for example, fats, proteins, starches, nutrients and minerals and so on. Every one of these mixes are significant as they give wellspring of vitality, for protein making, for development and for all the exercises that we convey. The absorption begins from the mouth by biting of food called rumination. A cephalic stage begins in which a sign is moved to stomach covering to deliver corrosive. The chemicals and salivation (delivered by salivary organs for soaking the food) additionally enters the mind boggling food particles. The starch and fats starts to breakdown directly from the mouth because of salivation. The throat moves the bit food to the stomach, and this inadequate boundary may make the corrosive in stomach come up to the throat and cause an illness called gastro e sophageal reflux infection (GERD) which is basic these days. The stomach comprises of fundus, body and antrum. The gastric stage begins when food goes into an enormous body called stomach. Here, the proteins begin to separate to shape peptides and acidic conditions in stomach forestall the microorganisms for additional tainting. The fundus lining in the stomach produce hydrochloric corrosive when as the food enter in the covering of stomach, and by this corrosive the de naturation of proteins happen. The pepsinogen gets actuated as pepsin after the arrangement of hydrochloric corrosive. The gastric lipase further hydrolyzes the fats in the stomach. The anturm balances out the corrosive delivered and is a site for the granulating activity. Food going through pyrolic sphincter to the small digestive system is called ring, while at the same time going through the pyrolic sphincter, small digestive tract reenacts hormones secretin and cholecystokinin, further bringing about the arrival of pancreatic juice from pancreas. The food enters the small digestive tract that is broadened and has expanded surface territory for ingestion. It contains collapsing called plicae, villi and microvilli. The sucrose, maltase and lactose hydrolyze di sugars. In the area called duodenum, the bicarbonates blend in with toll diminishing its corrosiveness. The pancreatic squeeze likewise helps in absorption. Iron and calcium are taken in duodenum, while most minerals and nutrients are caught up in jejunum. The starch likewise processed in duodenum and jejunum. The liver produces bile that solubilizes fat. The ileums being the last piece of small digestive system do the last assimilation. Toward the finish of this procedure, 90 percent of food is processed. The internal organ saves the water and salts. The rest of the strands in internal organ may stay there for as long as 3 days. After the entire procedure, the undesirable food is crapped outside the body, from colon to rectum and after ward out of the body. The digestion tracts are the significant piece of gastro intestinal (G.I) tract on the grounds that a large portion of the assimilation and processing is done in digestive organs, so it has imperative significance in our body. Digestion tracts are partitioned into small digestive tract and internal organ. The life structures discloses to us that from which cells, the small digestion tracts are comprised of and afterward talk about the physiological pretended by digestive organs. Small digestive system is that bit of digestive tract which is associated with stomach and food substance from stomach come into internal organ through small digestive tract. Here, ingestion, blending and processing happens. Small digestive tract

Mariah carey Essay Example For Students

Mariah carey Essay Mariah Carey is diva. Her hits have traversed two decades and have broken records since quite a while ago held by music heavyweights like the Beatles and one Elvis Presley. Her shows have developed exponentially and she consistenly sells out scenes over the globe. Her prosperity has permitted her to toss a great many dollars around as though it were negligible money. In any case, she demands, shes still only a young lady from New York. Mariah experienced childhood with Long Island, little girl to dedicated guardians. Her dad Alfred Roy, half Venezuelan, and her mom Patricia, Irish, imparted solid qualities in their infant Mariah. Life was intense for Mariah, however she kept her jawline up. She worked her way through Oldfield Middle School and graduated Harborfield High School at 17, and after one day she moved to New York City. Mariah had overwhelming joy in her heart and an amazing voice backing up those fantasies. She is known for an eight octave voice level, something about unparallel in the music business. In any case, as anybody whos worked in the business knows, ability doesnt consistently equivalent superstardom. Be that as it may, Mariah had a couple of different things going for her too. She had the option to get a gig functioning as a reinforcement artist for Brenda K. Starr, who was so dazzled with Mariahs voice that she elected to go along her demo tape. Starr passed it to Tommy Mottola, a melodic genius, the man behind Sony Music and Columbia Records. Tommy cherished it; and evidently adored her also. The two marry in 1993. Be that as it may, before the couple traded nupitals, Mariah discharged her first collection, a self-titled, intensely played crush achievement. The collection would set into movement some of the records Mariah had the option to break during her profession (most back to back #1 singles, first female soloist to go directly to #1, a #1 hit in every year during the 90s). Her prosperity was established with Grammys for Best New Artist and Best Female Vocalist. Mariahs ever-significant sophomore collection (which appears to represent the moment of truth various craftsman see Hootie ; The Blowfish) neglected to disillusion. Feelings had three successes and sold very well. Music Box would follow, alongside Daydream, Butterfly, and Heartbreaker. Obviously, the record organizations are similarly as satisfied as the American open. After a to some degree violent end to her agreement with Columbia (Mariah needed to pay in excess of 10 million to escape the arrangement), Mariah marked an arrangement with Virgin Records that pays her 23.5 million dollars a record. Out of the chronicle studio, Mariah isolated from Mottola in 1997, and the two would separate from a year later. Mariah got right, dating New York Yankees star Derek Jeter. Be that as it may, the relationship failed and Mariah has kept ensuing excursions out of the press. Words/Pages : 457/24

a most beautiful camping trip

a most beautiful camping trip Its pretty common at MIT for living groups to take advantage of the Indigenous Peoples Day long weekend (not just one extra day but two! what luxury!!) to go on fun trips and retreats. On Friday, my floor, Putz, headed out for our annual camping trip in seven rental cars, with trunks packed full of sleeping bags, tents, and food. We were headed about 2.5 hours away (well, before you take into account Boston traffic it took us more than half an hour to get to Porter Square!!!) to Franconia Notch National Forest and State Park. It was a truly incredible trip: we set up our tents in the dark (read: with difficulty) on Friday night, crammed six people into a four-person tent (which was a good move, because it kept us warm), and then woke up at 7 am on Saturday to go hiking all day. On the way back on Sunday, we hit up a farm selling produce, a family maple sugar business, and another very beautiful lake. Then I slept for a long, long, time. Thankfully, the real weekend (the one where I did all my homework) was only just beginning! It was wildly beautiful up there, so I wanted to share some pictures from my trip. I assure you that they were all even more beautiful in person, especially the cloudy ones, where my iPhone really cant quite hack it. The nature up in the mountains was a fantastic reminder of what life can be like outside the MIT bubble, and why sometimes its worth it to trek outside of my small, warm dorm room, open my eyes for real, and take in the world. Theres a lot here, because I couldnt choose between them   Feel free to skim at your leisure. Post Tagged #camping #new hampshire

What Is Popular Sovereignty

The popular sovereignty principle is one of the underlying ideas of the United States Constitution, and it argues that the source of governmental power (sovereignty) lies with the people (popular). This tenet is based on the concept of the social contract, the idea that government should be for the benefit of its citizens. If the government is not protecting the people, says the Declaration of Independence, it should be dissolved. That idea evolved through the writings of Enlightenment philosophers from England—Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and John Locke (1632–1704)—and from Switzerland—Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). Hobbes: Human Life in a State of Nature Thomas Hobbes wrote The Leviathan in 1651, during the English Civil War, and in it, he laid out the first basis of popular sovereignty. According to his theory, human beings were selfish and if left alone, in what he called a state of nature, human life would be nasty, brutish, and short. Therefore, to survive people give over their rights to a ruler who provides them with protection. In Hobbes opinion, an absolute monarchy provided the best form of security. Locke: The Social Contract Limiting Rulers Powers John Locke wrote Two Treatises on Government in 1689, in response to another paper (Robert Filmers Patriarcha) which argued that kings have a divine right to rule. Locke said that the power of a king or government doesnt come from God, but comes from the people. People make a social contract with their government, trading away some of their rights to the ruler in exchange for security and laws. In addition, Locke said, individuals have natural rights including the right to hold property. The government does not have the right to take this away without their consent. Significantly, if a king or ruler breaks the terms of the contract—by taking away rights or taking away property without an individuals consent—it is the right of the people to offer resistance and, if necessary, depose him.   Rousseau: Who Makes the Laws? Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote The Social Contract  in 1762. In this, he proposes that  Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains. These chains are not natural, says Rousseau, but they come about through the right of the strongest, the unequal nature of power and control. According to Rousseau, people must willingly give legitimate authority to the government through a social contract for mutual preservation. The collective group of citizens who have come together must make the laws, while their chosen government ensures their daily implementation. In this way, the people as a sovereign group look out for the common welfare as opposed to the selfish needs of each individual.   Popular Sovereignty and the US Government The idea of popular sovereignty was still evolving when the founding fathers were writing the US Constitution during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. In fact, popular sovereignty is one of six foundational principles on which the convention built the US Constitution. The other five principles are a limited government, the separation of powers, a system of checks and balances, the need for judicial review, and federalism, the need for a strong central government. Each tenet gives the Constitution a basis for authority and legitimacy that it uses even today. Popular sovereignty was often cited before the US Civil War as a reason why individuals in a newly organized territory should have the right to decide whether or not slavery should be allowed. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was based on the idea—that people have a right to property in the form of slaves. It set the stage for a situation that became known as Bleeding Kansas, and it is a painful irony because certainly Locke and Rousseau would not agree that people are ever considered property. As Rousseau wrote in The Social Contract: From whatever aspect we regard the question, the right of slavery is null and void, not only as being illegitimate, but also because it is absurd and meaningless. The words slave and right contradict each other, and are mutually exclusive. Sources and Further Reading Deneys-Tunney, Anne. Rousseau shows us that there is a way to break the chains—from within. The Guardian, July 15, 2012.  Douglass, Robin. Fugitive Rousseau: Slavery, Primitivism, and Political Freedom. Contemporary Political Theory 14.2 (2015): e220–e23.Habermas, Jurgen. Popular sovereignty as procedure. Eds., Bohman, James, and William Rehg. Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997. 35–66.Hobbes, Thomas. The Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill. London: Andrew Crooke, 1651. McMaster University Archive of the History of Economic Thought. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University.  Locke, John. Two Treastises of Government. London: Thomas Tegg, 1823. McMaster University Archive of the History of Economic Thought. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University.  Morgan, Edmund S. Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America. New York, W.W. Norton, 1988.  Reisman, W. Michael. Sovereignty and Human Rights in Contemporary International Law. American Journal of International Law 84.4 (1990): 866–76. Print.Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract. Trans. Bennett, Jonathan. Early Modern Texts, 2017.

Acids and Bases Titration Example Problem

Titration is an analytical chemistry technique used to find an unknown concentration of an analyte (the titrand) by reacting it with a known volume and concentration of a standard solution (called  the titrant). Titrations are typically used for acid-base reactions and redox reactions. Heres an example problem determining the concentration of an analyte in an acid-base reaction: Titration Problem A 25 ml solution of 0.5 M NaOH is titrated until neutralized into a 50 ml sample of HCl. What was the concentration of the HCl? Step-by-Step Solution Step 1 - Determine [OH-] Every mole of NaOH will have one mole of OH-. Therefore [OH-] 0.5 M. Step 2 - Determine the number of moles of OH- Molarity # of moles/volume # of moles Molarity x Volume # of moles OH- (0.5 M)(.025 L)# of moles OH- 0.0125 mol Step 3 - Determine the number of moles of H When the base neutralizes the acid, the number of moles of H the number of moles of OH-. Therefore the number of moles of H 0.0125 moles. Step 4 - Determine the concentration of HCl Every mole of HCl will produce one mole of H, therefore the number of moles of HCl number of moles of H. Molarity # of moles/volume Molarity of HCl (0.0125 mol)/(0.050 L)Molarity of HCl 0.25 M Answer The concentration of the HCl is 0.25 M. Another Solution Method The above steps can be reduced to one equation MacidVacid MbaseVbase where Macid concentration of the acidVacid volume of the acidMbase concentration of the baseVbase volume of the base This equation works for acid/base reactions where the mole ratio between acid and base is 1:1. If the ratio were different as in Ca(OH)2 and HCl, the ratio would be 1 mole acid to 2 moles base. The equation would now be MacidVacid 2MbaseVbase For the example problem, the ratio is 1:1 MacidVacid MbaseVbase Macid(50 ml) (0.5 M)(25 ml)Macid 12.5 MmL/50 mlMacid 0.25 M Error in Titration Calculations There are different methods used to determine the equivalence point of a titration. No matter which method is used, some error is introduced, so the concentration value is close to the true value, but not exact. For example, if a colored pH indicator is used, it may be difficult to detect the color change. Usually, the error here is to go past the equivalence point, giving a concentration value that is too high. Another potential source of error when an acid-base indicator is used is if water used to prepare the solutions contains ions that would change the pH of the solution. For example, if hard tap water is used, the starting solution would be more alkaline than if distilled deionized water had been the solvent. If a graph or titration curve is used to find the endpoint, the equivalence point is a curve rather than a sharp point. The endpoint is a sort of best guess based on the experimental data. The error can be minimized by using a calibrated pH meter to find the endpoint of an acid-base titration rather than a color change or extrapolation from a graph.

Developing Cultural Flexibility Free Essays

string(39) " a driven team of respected employees\." Developing Cultural Flexibility Portfolio| December 14 2011 | Contents Page Section| Page Number| Q1 – What is the significance of national identity as a source of individuals’ culture? | 2| Q2 -In what aspects of work and employee relations should international managers be aware of religious sensitivities? | 3-4| Q3 -What are Hofstede’s culture dimensions? What correlations does Hofstede make among groups of countries and how valid are they for you? | 5| Q4 – Why do firms’ internationalise’? What are the implications of doing so for their role as employers and how will it affect your role in the future as an employee? 6-7| Bibliography| 8| Q1 -What is the significance of national identity as a source of individuals’ culture? I begin with a definition of culture – ‘the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular society’ (Oxford Dictionaries, 2011). In terms of the question I am looking at how significantly ideas, customs and social behaviour of a nation’s identity affects that of the individual’s culture. It’s important to talk about stereotypes, they effect how people perceive the individual and their culture, also it can affect the individual as they may alter their culture to allow them to stand out from their national stereotype e. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Cultural Flexibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now . people may stereotype Italians as loud and arrogant but some Italians may change their culture to quiet and well-mannered to make themselves more appealing for jobs abroad. Hofstede wrote that culture is ‘A collective programming of minds’, and to some extent I agree with him, people are proud of where they come from and like to promote their nation through their actions, this can mould their actions to some extent. An example is whilst I have been at university I have lived with a Chinese student, we have both said that we had expectations of each other before we had even talked. He expected me to be obsessed with football and beer, whilst I thought he would be a great cook and clever. This ability to anticipate an individual’s culture because of the national identity can be a great starting point for friendship, but it can have a negative effect. Observational learning plays a huge part in our development through child hood, we watch and repeat what our parents and family do. If we have a problem we deal with it how we see them deal with it, I think that this is how individuals develop their culture, not so much from their national identity. Edgar Schein’s belief is that culture is – â€Å"shared systems of beliefs and values†, that culture is the answers to problems. These answers can be learned as a nation, as part of a family or as an individual. It is how individuals deal with these problems that makes their culture individual to them. Although Schein’s 3 levels of culture can to some extent be related to national identity for example the ‘Values and Beliefs’ and ‘Artefacts and creations’. Individual’s belief can be down to their nation’s beliefs, although I think that would have been more applicable in the past. With the development of the internet and communication methods I think that individuals now have the media to find out and decide their own culture. People are travelling all over the world, picking up bits of other cultures and adding to their own. It was similar when America was discovered, people from all over the world moved there bringing their own culture, although there is an American identity, there are patches of America that retain the culture that their people bought with them all. To conclude I believe that national identity is fairly significant to individual’s culture, more so if the individual moves abroad than if they stay in their country. Q2 -In what aspects of work and employee relations should international managers be aware of religious sensitivities? Religion is important throughout the world, with countries becoming more multicultural different religions are clashing leading to war and strained international relationships. This can happen on a smaller scale within organisations. It is up to managers and employees to be aware of each other’s beliefs and respect each other enough to allow them to have their own beliefs. This can be a minefield for today’s international managers where equality is key to running an effective, productive place to work. Globalisation, development in technology, cheaper transportation and international bonds (e. g. European Union) has led to an increase in multi-religious staff, which if international managers are aware of and can work with, it has the potential to offer a lot to organisations, employees bringing different ideas and dvice to the table because of their different religions and knowledge. A difficult example of managing religious sensitivities is allowing Sikhs to carry their ceremonial knife known as ‘Kirpan’ with them at work. It poses difficult problems, one being that it’s dangerous and could create a lot of tension within an organisation. It is an article of faith for the Sikh bu t does that mean its ok to carry a weapon at work? I found an article on the BBC which was headed ‘Sikhs should be allowed to carry ceremonial knives in schools †¦ can religion ever justify loopholes in the law†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Although this is based on schools, it carries the same principle. Should religion be more important than the law of the country? International managers can experience culture shock on 3 different levels: 1. Emotions – e. g. euphoria to depression 2. Thinking – e. g. from stereotyping to culturally effective thinking 3. Social Skills and Identity – e. g. from national to transnational social skills and an international identity (Source Marx 1999) International managers need to master these 3 levels to achieve global management which Bartholomew and Adler (1996) define as ‘The need for a conceptual shift from a hierarchical perspective of cultural influence, compromise and adaption to one of collaborative cross cultural learning’. This is the aim of all global organisations, although it can be a very slow and hard process it is important and the end result would be a driven team of respected employees. You read "Developing Cultural Flexibility" in category "Papers" International managers need to be aware of religious holidays, example Jewish festivals, Christmas etc. Should they allow every religious holiday or none? Managers need to prepare for religious holidays e. g. ensure that they have enough stock over the Christmas period when sales increase. A manager cannot be seen to favour certain religions as this could lead to discrimination and problems within the workforce. With globalisation comes an expectancy to work together as a team, not be seen as separate religious groups who are distant to each other. It is partly the manager’s job to ensure this happens but it’s also down to the individuals. We live in a global community, it is now time to start developing a multicultural organisational community. This will be a real test for international managers and organisations. Q3 -What are Hofstede’s culture dimensions? What correlations does Hofstede make among groups of countries and how valid are they for you? Geert Hofstede (b. 1928) carried out a cross cultural study of 116,000 employees of IBM in 40 countries. From his results he distinguished national cultures in terms of five orientations which are: (D. A. BUCHANAN, 2010): 1. Social Orientation – Cultures in the East e. g. India, China have a collective interest where the interests of the group are more important than each individuals gains or praise. Whereas the western counties e. g. UK, America have a more individualistic approach where the individual interests are seen as more important, this idea of personal gain above shared gain. 2. Power Orientation – The idea that some national cultures accept that some people are of a higher authority, they accept the hierarchical idea of power on levels, that some people are born into power whereas other cultures believe that you earn power, and that there should be minimum power difference as it exploits others. 3. Uncertainty Orientation – This describes how cultures react and adapt to change and uncertainty. He found that some cultures prefer structure and consistency and find the uncertain threatening whilst others relish change and new opportunities. 4. Goal Orientation – Also known as masculine and feminine culture orientation. This finds out what motivates people to try and achieve their goals. The masculine orientation is more aggressive assertive behaviour, where material possessions, power and money are motivators. The feminine orientation is the more passive side, where the wellbeing and quality of life of other people is a motivator. 5. Time Orientation – This looks at how different cultures work, is it with short term goals in mind or do they plan for the long term. Those that value long term planning, look forward to future market positions, they ensure that they are ready to meet future commitments. Dedication and hard work are essential. Whereas the short term outlook look for short term profits and value past traditions. Hofstede’s has been criticised over his work, he conducted his survey for IBM because they were concerned with declining morale, it wasn’t designed to distinguish ifferent ‘national cultures’. The use of a survey is also criticised, ‘Many researchers allude a survey is not an appropriate instrument for accurately determining and measuring cultural disparity. ’ (M. L. JONES, 2007) Another criticism is that Hofstede’s study makes the assumption that the population is a homogenous whole, whereas there are always ethnic units and subdivisions wi thin society. It seems to ignore the fact that communities can have very different cultures to the one that is seen as the national culture. It would be impossible to accurately represent all different cultures per nation. Hofstede’s is more of an overview of the national culture and should not be used to stereotype the whole population. Q4 – Why do firms’ internationalise’? What are the implications of doing so for their role as employers and how will it affect your role in the future as an employee? More firms are beginning to ‘internationalise’ and try their hand at the global market, with the goal of making a profit and increasing it year after year. This requires businesses to adapt to the changing times. It has and still is becoming much easier to internationalise, with the development of the internet, faster and cheaper transport overseas, vast improvements in infrastructure and if you are part of a trading power e. g. The European Union, the international trading laws are much more flexible than they used to be. More Benefits for firms to internationalise Location – Find a more attractive market overseas where they wish to operate. May find a central location for main distribution centre to save on delivery costs. Low cost and labour charges – Companies want to produce goods quickly and cheaply so that they can get the biggest return on them e. g. Nike has manufactured its products in sweatshops because people are so desperate for work that they can pay them very little. The BBC’s panorama found as recently as in the year 2000, 12 year old girls in Cambodia were working 16 hours a day for little pay because they were so poor. This can lead to implications for firms that do this, bad publicity, drop in sales and a tarnished global image. Less competition – Large organisations are always on the lookout for gaps in the market that they can exploit, this includes overseas markets. If they feel that they offer something new or of a better quality than anything in that country they will try to set up there to capitalise. The image below clearly shows the three stages of internationalisation, with many firms hoping to remain in stage 2 with the positive factors although on either side there are potential implications. Source: Contractor et al. 2003, p. 27 A good example of internationalisation gone wrong is when Vale from Brazil bought out Inco in Canada. It seemed a straight forward move, Inco and Vale had both been successful in their own markets. It turned out to be a bad combination because they didn’t understand or accept each other’s different culture on how they handled business and each other. It ended up costing Vale a lot of money and tarnished their image and reputation. I think that as a future employee internationalisation will affect me greatly, I chose this course because I think that understanding and respecting other cultures is very important, before any business is done it is important to learn what makes people tick, then you know how to motivate them to a certain extent. In my opinion it can be hugely overlooked, if it wasn’t I think that many disagreements could be averted. Dealing with people is a huge part of business whether its potential investors or a fellow employee, if you understand peoples cultures very often you can learn from them, leading to very clever organisational cultures that can motivate and inspire the majority of the workforce leading to a smoother internationalisation process. Bibliography D. A. BUCHANAN, A. A. (2010). Organizational Behaviour. Essex: Pearson Education Ltd 2010. Kenyon, P. (2000, October 15). Gap and Nike: No Sweat? Retrieved December 13, 2011, from BBC: http://news. bc. co. uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/970385. stm Loerrach. (2003). The impact of internatioalization on organizational culture a comparative study of international US and German companies, 7-48. M. L. JONES. (2007). Hofstede – Culturally Questionable, 7-8. RICKY W, P. M. (2007). International Business 5th Edition. GRIFFIN. Roache, R. ( 2010, February 9). Should religion be an excuse for carrying daggers? Retrieved December 13, 2011, from BBC: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/magazine/8506074. stm Unknown. (2011, December 13). Retrieved December 13, 2011, from Oxford Dictionaries: http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/culture How to cite Developing Cultural Flexibility, Papers

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 free essay sample

The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all people â€Å"born or naturalized in the United States,† and includes the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. This amendment failed to explicitly prohibit vote discrimination on racial grounds Karim 2 In 1870 the 15th Amendment was ratified, which provided specifically that the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged on the basis of race, color or previous condition of servitude. This superseded state laws that had directly prohibited black voting. As a result, in the former Confederate States, where new black citizens in some cases comprised majorities of the eligible voting population, hundreds of thousands -maybe one million recently-freed slaves registered to vote. Black candidates began for the first time to be elected to state, local and federal offices and to play a meaningful role in their governments. The extension of the franchise to black citizens was strongly resisted. Among others, the Ku Klux Klan, the Knights of the White Camellia, and other terrorist organizations attempted to prevent the 15th Amendment from being enforced by violence and intimidation. Once whites regained control of the state by a process known as Redemption, they used gerrymandering of election districts to further reduce black voting strength and minimize the number of black elected officials. In the 1890s, these states began to amend their constitutions and to ratify a series of laws intended to re-establish and establish white political supremacy. â€Å"Such disfranchising laws included poll taxes, literacy tests, vouchers of good character, and disqualification for crimes of moral turpitude. These laws were color-blind on their face, but were designed to exclude black citizens disproportionately by allowing white election officials to apply the procedures Karim 3 selectively. † (Laney 11) Other laws and practices, such as the white primary, attempted to evade the 15th Amendment by allowing private political parties to conduct elections and establish qualifications for their members. As a result of these efforts, in the former Confederate states nearly all black citizens were disenfranchised and removed by 1910. The process of restoring the rights stolen by these tactics would take many decades. There were several tactics used to steal voting rights away from African Americans. Such of these were payments for poll taxes. Others were Black voters were go to vote and see that their name was erased from the list In every state there were accounts of different tactics to forbid voting. By 1965 rigorous efforts to break the grip of state disfranchisement had been under way for some time, but had achieved only modest success overall and in some areas had proved almost entirely incompetent. The murder of voting-rights activists in Philadelphia, Mississippi, gained national attention, along with numerous other acts of violence and terrorism. Finally, the unprovoked attack on March 7, 1965, by state troopers on peaceful marchers crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, route to the state capitol in Montgomery, persuaded the President and Congress to overcome Southern legislators resistance to effective voting rights legislation. The following year, President Lyndon Baines Johnson attempted to persuade Congress to pass his Voting Rights Act. This proposed legislation removed the right of Karim 4 states to impose restrictions on who could vote in elections. Johnson explained how: Every American citizen must have an equal right to vote. Yet the harsh fact is that in many places in this country men and women are kept from voting simply because they are Negroes. (Lyndon Johnson 1965) President Johnson issued a call for a strong voting rights law and hearings began soon thereafter on the bill that would become the Voting Rights Act. Congress concluded that existing federal anti-discrimination laws were ineffective were not sufficient enough to overcome the resistance to enforce the 15th amendment. Congress had found that case-by-case litigation was inadequate to combat wide-spread and persistent discrimination in voting, because of the inordinate amount of time and energy required to overcome the obstructionist tactics invariably encountered in these lawsuits. After enduring nearly a century of systematic resistance to the Fifteenth Amendment, Congress might well decide to shift the advantage of time and inertia from the perpetrators of the evil to its victims. † (South Carolina v. Katzenbach) President Johnson signed the resulting legislation into law on August 6, 1965 and it outlawed the requirement that voters in the United States take literacy tests to qualify to register to vote, and it provided for federal registration of voters in areas that had less than 50% of eligible minority voters registered. Although opposed by politicians from the Deep South, the Voting Rights Act was passed by large majorities in the House of Representatives (333 to 48) and the Senate (77 to 19). Karim 5 After years of rigorous treatment on African Americans, Civil liberties were all on their side now. Soon after passage of the Voting Rights Act, federal examiners were conducting voter registration, and black voter registration began a sharp increase. Congress had followed through on its job to give African Americans the rights guaranteed to them by the 14th and 15tamendment. Out of the two surveys taken, one in 1965 and one 1988, there showed a dramatic change in the gap between African American voters and white voters. In 1965 there was 50 percent voting rate difference while in 1988there a 6 percent voting rate difference. The long term effect of change had succeeded. Soon after the passing of this landmark act gradual change between black and white voting closed in and there was nearly an equal amount of voters of each race. This landmark act allowed the voices of million of black voters to be heard and was the single most effective bill passed during the civil rights movement and maybe even the entire century. By abolishing literacy tests and poll taxes that prohibited African Americans to vote, America was glued back from its broken pieces of racial hate. It was renewed again in 2006 and left its place in the historical civil rights movement.

A Quitter At Heart free essay sample

Quitting has a stigma attached to it. It shows that a person is not dedicated, is flaky and unreliable, and most likely has commitment issues. But is that really fair? I don’t think so, because I am one of the best quitters there is, and I don’t believe any of these qualities define me. I have quit so many more activities than my friends, it almost feels like a bragging right. After six years of hard work and dedication, I quit piano, and after only five, I quit the oboe and with it, the pep band. Three years were all I could tolerate of my school’s softball program, I quit soccer twice, and I left the track team after only one season. Speech only lasted a matter of weeks (a personal record). I signed up for Reviving Ophelia and Knightlife (two clubs promoting healthy lifestyles), but I gradually stopped attending meetings. We will write a custom essay sample on A Quitter At Heart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can say with pride that I have successfully quit two instruments, three sports, and four clubs in a mere three years. What an accomplishment! Don’t misunderstand me, I have never joined an activity for the sole purpose of quitting it. Curious by nature, I don’t let fear of the unknown stop me from trying new things. In fourth grade, when my music teacher asked me if I wanted to try playing the oboe, I said â€Å"sure.† Of course I wouldn’t turn down my dad’s offer to teach me softball, and I didn’t question my mom’s hunch that I’d be good at soccer (I wasn’t). Track seemed like a great idea because I was already a cross country runner and Nordic skier. Speech sounded like fun, and I joined Reviving Ophelia because I was a girl and Knightlife because I stay out of trouble. I knew that high school would pass quickly, and I wanted to be experience as much of it as possible. I first began to doubt my commitment to my numerous activities when I found myself unsuccessful at, fed up with, or just plain disliking most of them. My piano teacher expected perfection from me, which I failed to deliver. Pep band was just the opposite, filled with apathetic freshmen who only wanted their fine arts credits so they could quit. The softball program neglected freshmen in favor of students from the junior high, I was only a mediocre soccer player, my speech coach stood me up three days in a row, and I never had the time before or after school to attend Knightlife or Reviving Ophelia meetings. So I slowly quit them all: piano before ninth grade; speech and Reviving Ophelia during ninth grade; soccer and softball during tenth; and Knightlife and track during eleventh. Suddenly, I had afternoons free, and determined not to waste them, I now spend at least three days a week catching up with my friend Kiley after school. We work on our chemistry homework, walk around campus, pester our English teacher for writing advice, and ponder our existence. And Kiley isn’t the only friend I’ve reconnected with. Last month, I joined a recreational soccer team with another friend, Jenny, playing because I love the sport, not the competition, and I am making a habit of running with a freshman friend, Rachel, from the Nordic ski team. Sometimes I even go rollerblading or play a piano duet with my mom. Although I haven’t been doing anything strictly constructive with my free time, I have been able to strengthen my relationships with my friends and family, which has been much more rewarding than any involvement in track or softball or Knightlife. I hate to be labeled as a quitter, but having an awareness of my limitations has its merits. In addition to having the time to strengthen relationships, I also have more time to focus on the things that I am actually passionate about, such as Nordic skiing, math league, and cross country running. These are activities I’ve tried and stuck with because, in simplest terms, they bring me joy. Unfortunately, in order to discover which activities bring me that joy, I’ve done my fair share of trial and error, which is a fancy way of saying that I’ve smudged my reputation a bit by quitting eleven activities in three years. In an ideal world, I would prefer not to be defined by what I do but rather by who I am: a girl who loves trying new things, who enjoys the company of others, and who is true to herself. I can’t guarantee that I will always stick with every new thing I try from here on out, but I can guarantee that if I’ve tried something with an open mind and that if it isn’t right for me, I will quit it the only way I know how: with no regrets.

The X-files essays

The X-files essays As the end credits flashed and the haunting notes of the title theme resonated, reverberated and eventually vanished in the depth of my mind, I sat back and sighed. My body tingled with excitement as a broad smile swept across my 12 year old face. I had just discovered my two true heroes Special Agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully of the FBI.My meeting with The X-files had occurred through a chance channel surfing one Thursday night. Little did I know that, that one episode would turn me into a religiously devout X-phile and change the way I saw the world forever. Mulder and Scully have undoubtedly been two of the most significant fictional characters Ive come across. I chose to speak of the two of them together as it is hard for me to imagine one without the other.Like reason and intuition they go hand in hand in understanding and discovering the fascinating enigmas that are out there. My emulation of them has gone beyond the oversized coats I used to wear when I was 12, for they truly have influenced the way I looked at myself and the universe. Mulder, the brilliant, intuitive and sensitive, maverick with an eidetic memory who graduated top of his class at Oxford and threw aside a fast moving career in the FBI to dig through what others regarded as trash in the basement. Scully, the equally brilliant ,pragmatic ,scientist who despite being a M.D. chose instead the challenging rigors of the FBI to make a place for herself in a male dominated profession. Week after week they pursued relentlessly the most bizarre and nebulous conundrums that the universe could conjure with a continued passion, despite the many dangers, lies,dead ends and loop holes that they encountered. Who wouldnt be inspired by two such amazing individuals?! In them I saw a curiosity that often dies down in individuals as they grow up. A curiosity and zeal to look beyond the pettiness of life, and at the larger pict...

Nike In Cost of Capital Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nike In Cost of Capital - Case Study Example From this paper, it is clear that a company’s cost of capital is used to a company since it evaluates the worth of an investment. The worth of an investment establishes the expected return on similar capital invested in an alternative investment. The cost of capital is not only required in making investment decisions but it is also used to make management decisions. Management decisions are based on financial implications and expectations of a company. The cost of capital determines financial expatiations of a company through capital and, therefore it is essential in making management decisions. A company’s cost of capital is, therefore, a useful tool in the decision-making process. I do not concur with Joanna Cohen’s value for WACC since it has considerable limitations. Cohen’s calculation also had some errors and hence the company cannot rely on the value to make critical financial decisions. Although Cohen’s calculation of Nike’s WACC was analytical, it has some weakness and hence inappropriate. In her calculations, Cohen weighted the capital structure based on book values. This was inappropriate since the company is a public liability company, and the values of its market capitalization have greater significance than the value of its book equity. Her Cost of debt was also wrongly calculated; Cohen obtained her cost of debt by determining the ratio between interest expense and interest-bearing debt. In some case, interest expenses contain expenses that are not covered or related to the company’s debt.’s debt. This might have introduced some errors in her final WACC value. Cohen also used 5.9% as her market premium this figure was significantly low. Cohen also obtained a wrong value for her WACC; this is because she weighted all her divisions using revenue instead of cash flow. This factor contributed to the margin between her WACC value and the expected value. Her calculation of weights also did not acc ommodate the different products that the company produces. This is because her weight did not consider all the footwear that Nike produces. Although the company makes most of its sales from sport shoes, other types of footwear contribute significantly to the sales of the company. WACC = Cost of Equity + Cost of Debt = (We) (Ke) + Wd (Kd) (1-t) Where Wd = loan capitals, We =finance from equity, Kd =bank’

Assessment Practices in Classroom Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessment Practices in Classroom - Dissertation Example The paper "Assessment Practices in Classroom" presents the discussion about the types of assessment practices that the author has observed in classrooms and if the teacher assistant helped with the assessment and if so, in what ways. The paper also describes and discusses the importance of curriculum-based assessment.In classrooms, teachers carry out different forms of assessment. There are two distinct types of assessments. The first one is summative while the other is formative. Educators use summative assessments to gauge whether the students are learning relative to the said content standards. Examples of such assessments that I have noticed in class are the end of term exams and the end of chapter tests. Formative assessment on the other end is instrumental in classroom practice that contributes to teaching while the students continue to learning. An example of such is the group and personal presentation that the students do time to time. The educator can identify the areas that the students have understood while the same time contributes to an area that he feels needs more understanding. Another key distinction between formative assessments from the latter is the participation of the students. Formative assessment can only be achieved with the involvement of students in the discussion. And the teacher assistant helped with the assessment especially during the discussion in classes. As the students presented their findings, the teacher assistant pointed out the areas that did not have enough research.

Compositional Analysis of Images

Compositional Analysis of Images DRAWING ON KRESS AND VAN LEEUWENS CONCEPTS OF THE GIVEN AND THE NEW IN READING IMAGES: THE GRAMMAR OF VISUAL DESIGN (1996), PERFORM A COMPO ­SITIONAL ANALYSIS OF ANY TWO OF THE GIVEN IMAGES. An Image is a tangible or visual representation of a person, a place or a thing. All images carry a meaning which can be understood differently by different people in different situations. Composition is the way in which something is put together or arranged or the combination of parts or elements that make up something. Malcolm Barnard in Approaches to Understanding Visual Culture (2001) suggests that we concentrate on the looking and analysis of images by focusing on elements of visual culture that are said to be intrinsic or internal to the work; elements such as shape, line, colour, texture, and layout or composition. (Barnard, 2001, p.168). An image can be analysed through its composition and drawing on Kress and Van Leeuwens concepts of the Given and the New a compositional analysis of two images will be performed in this essay. Kress and Leeuwen argue that the left of an image is assumed to be The Given and the right to be The New meaning that the left is something which is already known and the right is the key information which is not yet known or agreed upon and thus creating the salience. Speaking of salience, before we analyse the images it is important to know the three principles of composition. INFORMATION VALUE: The value of an element depends on its placement as different zones of an image have different values attached to it. SALIENCE: The most eye catching element of the image can be realized by factors as placement, size, contrast, colour, sharpness, etc. FRAMING: The dividing lines created by elements or actual frame lines disconnect or connect elements of the image representing if they belong or not to one another. (Kress and Leeuwen, 1996, p.177). They argue that this theory can also be applied to magazines, newspapers, advertisements and diagrams. Magazines and newspapers tend to have pictures and articles on a left/right axis. The structure of sentences also work with the theory. Other theorists like Ron Needham and Freud had diverse views of the Left and Right of an image with left being bad and right being good and left being sinful and right being righteous respectively. When analysing the below image of   The Creation of Eve by Lorenzo Maitani we see that God is placed on the left who was there already and is thus considered as Given while the woman Eve the new creation is on the right regarded as the New. The placement of Eve in the image is not exactly in the right one can argue as majority of her body is placed in the centre of the image. Michelangelo, on the other hand, in his famous painting The Creation of Adam on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, placed God on the right. (Kress and Leeuwen, 1996, p.181). The theory did not hold much weight as now it was man who was the Given and God as the New. Furthermore, considering the diverse views God being on the left makes him bad and sinful with man being good and righteous The above image by Lester Beall Rural Electric Programme 1937 can also be analysed as the Given and the New by understanding that the house on the left is Given and the bulb on the right is New. The image is targeted at the rural or countryside location where light was not common at that period of time making the bulb which has the words LIGHT printed on it something new which has never been there before, thus implying that the house can now have light, if you see the sentence structure (the house can now have light) Kress and Leeuwens theory seem to be working. But if one reversed the sides then the bulb will be the Given which is available to the house making the house New. The house will be regarded as new because it has got the light in it. The theory of Kress and Leeuwen did not live up to the expectations once more. Every person looking at an image would have a different interpretation of the image depending on the time, culture, situation and environment, the concept cannot be taken as wrong or right as every viewer has his own ability of thinking and can portray any meaning of a given image according to his choice. Analysing images through a theory means analysing images through the same lens which will certainly take away the true meaning of the image. Kress and Leeuwen admitted that their theory does not work for every image which has been proved by analysing the above two images. Before concluding this essay your attention would be needed on the point that when making am image the maker has a message that he wants the people to know or draw attention to and if the viewer interprets it differently the viewer would not know if has got the right message which was intended unless and until he asks the maker or studies what the exact message was. Theories cannot be depended upon while interpreti ng images as every viewer has his own way of encoding messages, I would like to close with a quote (Stuart Hall, 1997, p.9): It is worth emphasising that there is no single or correct  answer to the question, What does this image mean? or  What is this ad saying? Since there is no law which can  guarantee that things will have one, true meaning, or that  meanings wont change over time, work in this area is bound  to be interpretative a debate between, not who is right  and who is wrong, but between equally plausible, though  sometimes competing and contesting, meanings and  interpretations.!   Bibliography Kress, G Leeuwen, V (1996) Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design, Routledge. Barnard, M (2001) Approaches to Understanding Visual Culture, Palgrave Macmillan. Hall, S (1997) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, SAGE.

Company Evaluation Essay

A: Evaluation: Company Q is a small grocery store chain working on being profitable in a large city. Company Q had a couple of stores that were not profitable and were in an area rated for higher crime, so they chose to close these two stores. The social responsibility choice by Company Q was abatement, choosing to remove the stores from the negative environment (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2008). Company Q has by request, been offering high margin items, specifically organic products which are considered a health conscious choice for customers concerned with the environment. These items have to be fresh and being perishable after being displayed for the day result in discarding or wasting by throwing the food away, which is of concern to the community. The community has a food bank which asked for donations of this organic food hoping to help those in need, but Company Q turned them down and showed no real interest in helping the community with the excuse for concern over possible fraud or empl oyees stealing the food that was claimed to be for donation. The social responsibility for helping those in need is being avoided by Company Q simply because they claim concern over fraud by employees. This choice by Company Q may give them a negative reputation for the community (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2008). Job seekers may not want to work for Company Q if they see it as not being socially responsible and the possibility of being stereotyped as a possible thief just because you work for Company Q. The employees may have lower morale because of the negative reputation and disgust towards management for the lack of trust as an excuse for being socially irresponsible towards those in need. This choice may also cause a drop in current shoppers and a choice by possible new shoppers to choose to shop elsewhere. Recommendations: 1. Regarding the stores that were closed in the higher crime rate section of the city due to loss in revenue, the employees and customers or primary stakeholders would be negatively affected. These individuals might not be able to find employment elsewhere and the customers may not be able to travel to another store to remain satisfied customers. This likely being  the case, Company Q has a social responsibility to improve this situation. They can reopen the stores, hire security employees, and install security cameras to discourage the theft problem. This will restore the positive attitude with the employees and customers. This will restore relations with the community and the suppliers. 2. Company Q by request has made a good choice to offer the health foods, though they are high margin products. However, the customers have been asking for years for healthy foods, so the responsibility of Company Q remains that they should sell much more in the health food line. They should choose to sell as much of the lower priced items in the health food line as possible. The community wants the healthy food and it is an important step for Company Q to care about the health of the community as well. Taking care of the community from a healthy standpoint is an important social responsibility that reaches out to the health and mental attitudes of all those who chose to take advantage of a healthy diet. The next step is to choose an ethical way to give back to the community as a social responsibility for the unsold perishable items. To relieve the concern of employee bad behavior, Company Q could draw up an agreement with the local food bank such that they would have to pick up the day-old products and sign a check sheet list of items that were accepted on the given day date. This would create accountability by the food bank personnel and eliminate the possibility for employee theft. It also would yield a positive attitude in the community for Company Q and possibly increase their bottom line making it attractive to shareholders. 3. Company Q has a responsibility to their employees to restore relations with them, as well. Company Q might explore the possibility of donating their time through volunteerism with employees who are willing to sign up for a given number of hours per week at the food bank. Therefore, Company Q would be showing their concern for the community and persons who are less fortunate. This will restore employee trust to know that they work for a company who is socially responsible by giving back to the community and employees would appreciate the opportunity to participate in a volunteer outreach to the food bank. These changes would improve the employee morale. This will get some recognition by the community and likely, some of the secondary stakeholders including media may want to air Company Q on TV relating the donation to the food bank of the day-old food and may film the  employees donating their time to the food bank. This could help Company Q with their interest in the community and shareholders by possibly making their stock go up and increase their sales in all of their stores. References Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2008). An Overview of Business Ethics; Ethical Issues and The Institutionalization of Business Ethics. In O. Ferrell, J. Fraedrich, & L. Ferrell, Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making and Cases (pp. 4-85). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Global Citizenship

Chapter 5 Social Inequality: Any difference in the treatment of people based on age, race, gender, etc.Social Stratification: Refers to the large hierarchical arrangements of large social groups on the basis of their control over basic resources (main forms include: class, gender and race/ethnicity)a) Dominant group: Characterized by a disproportionate share of power, wealth, social status and health care b) Subordinate group: Has limited access to power, resources and social statusPower: The capacity to control resources which allows structures of dominance and subordination to be createdPrivilege: Gained through unearned power that gives dominate members advantagesBarriers: Visible or invisible obstacles that prevent or limit people’s access to resources, opportunities and benefits of membership in society (i.e. visible: public spaces that are inaccessible to persons with physical disabilities, and invisible: immigrants having limited access to job opportunities)Ideology: Ro oted in history and are maintained through social structures that dictate the order of our society (i.e. women’s position is to be a nurturer, a caregiver and a weak subordinate to men)EQUITY VS. EQUALITY Equity: A framework that allows us to pursue economic and social justice for minority groups in society Equity differs from equality in that treating everyone ‘the same’ may in fact pose barriers Though a policy or practice may be applied equally to all, it may have a discriminatory effect Equity focuses on fairness and refers to fair access to resources, opportunities and outcomes, and pays attention to how power is working in society and challenges unfair systems and practices Equality fails to consider history, current contexts and circumstances of individuals and groupsChapter 6 Social action: Involves a group doing something to make the world a better place and is something that anyone can participate inPersonal social action: A day-to-day life decision tha t creates an impact on the world (i.e. recycling, donating, making environmental changes in your home, volunteering, join a community organization, etc.)Social change: Achieving an alteration at any level in society to create a more just and fair situation for a specific individual or group of peopleActivist: Someone who takes a social action in order to attempt to make a social changeSocial Entrepreneurship: Businesses that aim to create social change through their regular practice, using business principles and market economics (i.e. Paintbox Bistro: uses the business of a restaurant in an underpriveliged area to improve the quality of life of people in Regent Park through the love and enjoyment of good food)1) Micro-level: Focuses on working with individuals or PRIMARY GROUPS trying to remedy a problem that affects them (i.e. turning to family or friends for help writing a resume helps to fight unemployment at an individual level)2) Mid-level: Focuses on working with SECONDARY GR OUPS such as communities or committees to ensure local change (SIMON’S EXAMPLES: YMCA and ‘Skills For Change’ – two services in place to assist communities to better themselves through recreation and the building of career skills)3) Macro-level: Focuses on working collectively as groups at the INSITUTIONAL or SYSTEMATIC LEVELS on changing issues at their root cause (SIMON’S EXAMPLE: Pride Toronto – aims to fight for the equality and acceptance of gays worldwide)Fair trade: A trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect that seeks greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions and securing the rights of marginalized producers and workers (MACRO-LEVEL CHANGE)Grassroots: Locally based, volunteer-run, formal non-profit groups (i.e. community organizations, joining or volunteering for non-profits or getting involved in politics – SIMON’S EXAMP LE: ‘Stop the Cuts’ – a group rallying against Rob Ford’s budget cuts)SOCIAL JUSTICE VS. CHARITY Charity: A not for profit organization which people give donations (whether financial or volunteered time) that aims to aid social, cultural and environmental issuesSocial justice: A concept based upon the belief that each individual in society has the right to equal civil liberties, equal opportunity through education, economics, etc. and aims to address the root cause of said issues in order to fix them permanentlyCharity alleviates the symptoms of an issue, leaving the root cause unaddressed (can be seen as a temporary fix to a social issue)Charity is giving a poor person some food or clothing, while social justice advocates change in the economic system so that people have more employment and housing opportunities, in order to better feed and clothe themselvesSIMON’S EXAMPLE: Daily Bread Food Bank is a CHARITY that treats symptoms by providing food t o the hungry (mid-level social change) The Stop Community Food Centre treats symptoms and root causes by educating community on food issues, lobbies government and encourages social action amongst food recipients (mid and macro-level social change)Video Examples of Social Change 1) Remix Project: A creative center made for underprivileged youth who want to express themselves through music and/or design that gives them the resources and tools they need to channel their talent (An example of a social justice)2) Idle No More: Aboriginal movement that brings light to issues such as false treaties and oppression in Canada for hundreds of years3) Tom’s Shoes: Provides a child in the developing world with a new pair of shoes for every pair of shoes their company sells (An example of a social entrepreneurship)Chapter 7 Citizenship: A concept that implies membership or identity in a wider community along with a set of rights and responsibilitiesGlobal Citizenship (CENTENNIAL DEFINITIO N): â€Å"Recognizing that we must all be aware of our use of the world’s resources and find ways to live on the earth in a sustainable way. When we see other are treated without justice, we know we are responsible for trying to ensure people are treated fairly and must have the same equitable opportunities as other citizens of the world. We must think critically about what we see, hear and say, and make sure our actions bring about positive changes†Global Citizenship (OXFAM CENTENNIAL DEFINITION): The importance of learning about â€Å"how the world works economically, politically, socially, culturally, technologically and environmentally†Globalization: The increasing economic, social, cultural and political connections that are forming across the world and our awareness of them (includes expansions of institutions as well as cultural developments and exchanges) Spread of corporations and their powers worldwide, labour is cheap, rich countries profit immenselyE conomic globalization: The concept of large companies and money moving easily around the world, whereas people cannot (i.e. Mexicans illegally entering the U.S. for work)Alternative globalization: Social movements designed to take action at a global level against globalization (i.e. Amnesty International, Greenpeace, World Social Forum Conference (where various grassroots groups connect and discuss similar issues and goals for their organizations)Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A legal charter document that highlights the basic human rights all world citizens possess (Designed to create equality and compassion among all people)Notes From Lecture Slides Racial inequality: A certain ethnicity experiencing unfair judgment or social treatment based solely on their raceInstitutionalized racism: Unfair treatment of immigrants within social structures and institutions such as the government, the police force, schools, churches etc. (i.e. police profiling, immigration detention)Econo mic inequality: Capitalist societies allow for profits to stay at the top of the job ladder amongst people who hold positions of power, which results in an inequality among lower level workersGender inequality: Inequality amongst women and men in the workplace – women earn 81 cents for every 1 dollar men earn in CanadaGendered violence: Violence based specifically towards either gender (more common in patriarchal or misogynistic forms towards women by men, i.e. domestic violence, ‘rape culture’)Colonialism: The political control of people and territories by foreign states (often results in racial superiority, implementation of their customs, traditions, beliefs, etc.)Imperialism: A general system of domination by a state (or states) or other regions or the whole worldInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) IMF & World Bank required changes in order to give loans to pay debts Cut spending on state services (education, health, etc.) Sold off public companies to corporati ons, which open borders and markets the corporations

Substance Abuse And Hiv / Aids - 2383 Words

Substance Abuse and Its Correlations to HIV/AIDS Substance abuse and HIV/AIDS have been intertwined for more than two decades. It affects many people from different stages of life who abuse drugs and that has caused HIV/AIDS and other related diseases to be transmitted due to unsafe methods. In America, the misuse and addictions of drugs in our society is such a common scene that people turn a blind eye to the victims it affects. The rate of drug use in the U.S. has remaining extremely high over the years. There is a great war on drugs that seems to show little progress at times and it’s very concerning to the state of the country because the damages drugs can cause. Methods of Taking Drugs into the Body The way drugs enters the body strongly influences how it is impacted. When a drug is taken through indigestion, the effects are slower to affect the user’s body because it has to be broken down in the stomach. Inhaling and injecting are more dangerous ways of putting drugs inside the body, they both have easier access to the brain through the respiratory pipes and veins throughout the body. For drug users, this is very dangerous because they seldom use proper, safe tools to get the drugs in their bodies. Also when a person is under the influence, the ability to practice safe sex is impaired and they make the wrong judgments and because of this, diseases and viruses are passed through the smallest of transfusions. This is how HIV/ AIDS has become the biggest problem in drugShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse and HIV/AIDS in Women2505 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Substance abuse HIV/AIDS in women Introduction Drug and substance abuse has been known to be a major risk factor for HIV/AIDS in the world. 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